Translating the DASH Outcome Measure, the QuickDASH and Related Scoring Instructions
Translation Guidelines
A- Undertaking a translation | B- Approval | C- Licence | D- Translation process
The intent of the translation guidelines is to enable the production of translations that are easy to understand and use; that maintain the concepts and integrity of the original outcome measure; and that capture the essence of the language commonly used in the particular country.
“The cross-cultural adaptation of a health status self-administered questionnaire for use in a new country, culture and/or language requires a unique methodology in order to reach equivalence between the original source and target languages. It is now recognized that if measures are to be used across cultures, the items must not only be translated well linguistically, but also be adapted culturally in order to maintain the content validity of the instrument across different cultures. In this way, we can be more confident that we are describing the impact of a disease or its treatment in a similar manner in multi-national trials or outcome evaluations. The term “cross-cultural adaptation” is used to encompass a process which looks at both language (translation) and cultural adaptation issues in the process of preparing a questionnaire for use in another setting.” Recommendations for the Cross Cultural Adaptation of Health Status Measures, Revised June 12, 2007.
Section A. Why undertake a DASH Translation?
Some benefits…
• Your translation will ensure that the content, integrity and essence of the DASH and QuickDASH items are maintained and expressed clearly and accurately from one language to another;
• You will be making the DASH and QuickDASH available to a wider range of clinicians, researchers, and other interested parties in your country and internationally;
• Your translation can be a source of publication with possible generation of additional articles as other projects are initiated and completed using your DASH translation;
• International recognition of your work.
Undertaking a Translation
(i) Before undertaking a translation of the DASH and QuickDASH Outcome Measures, please contact the Institute for Work & Health’s DASH Coordinator to receive approval to proceed. The Coordinator will ensure that a similar translation is not already in progress and will direct you to an Intent to Translate form which must be completed, returned and approved prior to beginning work on the translation.
(ii) Once you receive approval to do the translation, you will be directed to (i) the Recommendations for the Cross Cultural Adaptation of Health Status Measures (Guidelines) posted on the Institute’s DASH website: (http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/how-translate).
Please read carefully and follow exactly the guidelines provided in this document. If these Guidelines are not followed, the Institute will be unable to approve your translation. The translation procedure must not modify the original Outcome Measure, a copy of which will be provided to you in electronic format.
Note: Your final submission of the DASH translation in PDF must follow exactly the layout and style used in the original electronic document. The Institute for Work & Health holds the copyright for all translations.
Reporting
As part of the translation process, there must be ongoing communication in the form of brief *status reports over the duration of the translation which we initially determine to be a one-year period. These status reports are to be sent to the DASH Coordinator and will be required at four-month intervals from the date of approval of your intent to translate form. In this way the Institute will be kept informed of your progress with the translation. If you require additional time to complete the translation, you may apply to the DASH Coordinator for an extension. Please note that the optional modules are a part of the DASH and therefore must be included in your translation.
*Status reports may consist of
• Stage/s of translation in progress;
• If translation is on hold - why? A brief explanation;
• Projected date of completion and submission of translation.
Section B. Approval by IWH
(i) When you have completed your translation, submit (electronically) all reports identified in the Guidelines -as Word files- to the DASH Coordinator who will forward them to the Institute’s DASH Cross Cultural Adaptation Review Committee (DASH CCARC). (Reports identified - Reference: Recommendations for the Cross Cultural Adaptation of Health Status Measures, pages 6-9; pages 14- 44).
Download: Report templates (Word document)
(ii) The Institute’s DASH CCARC will review the reports and approve the translation based on the quality, detail and compliance with the procedures and steps provided in the Guidelines. If the DASH CCARC is unable to approve the translation, their concerns will be identified and communicated to the translator - additional documentation may be requested.
Submission of DASH, QuickDASH and Scoring Instructions
On approval of your DASH translation, you must also provide translations of the following: (i) QuickDASH (http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/quickdash) - this is not subject to the same approval process as for the DASH since QuickDASH items can be taken directly from the approved DASH translation; and (ii) the scoring instructions for each instrument: http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/scoring-dash-outcome-measure. Straight translaton, not cross-cultural adaptation is acceptable for the scoring instructions.
The approved DASH, QuickDASH and scoring instructions' translations must be formatted to identified standards (as exist on electronic copies provided for translation) and submitted as PDF files to the DASH Coordinator.
Inclusion of Copyright information
Approved translations are the property of the Institute for Work & Health and protected by its copyright, therefore appropriate copyright information must be footnoted on the title page of each translated document, as follows:
© Institute for Work & Health 2006. All rights reserved.
In acknowledgement of your translation work we would suggest the statement below should follow the copyright statement: XXXXX translation courtesy of name/organization, country (please edit this text as necessary).
Example: Arabic translation courtesy of Dr. Naser Mohammed Alotaibi, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
Section C. Granting of DASH Licence (Non-commercial)
On submission, to the DASH Coordinator, of all translated documents as PDF files and approval of the documents, the Institute will grant the translator/organization a five-year limited licence for use of the translations in non-profit projects.
For more information about DASH/QuickDASH licences, click here.
DASH Website Posting
The PDF files of the DASH, QuickDASH and scoring instructions, along with contact information provided by the translator/translation team, will be posted on the DASH website: http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/available-translations. We make all official translations freely available for use in non-commercial / research projects and educational situations.
Licence Renewal
The five-year limited licence is subject to renewal on request. Licences are renewed for a further five-year period.
Conditions for Renewal
A. If a QuickDASH translation and translation of scoring instructions for both the DASH and QuickDASH have not been submitted to IWH, then the following conditions will apply to licence renewal:
(i) Translation and submission of the QuickDASH; and
(ii) Translation and submission of scoring instructions for the DASH and QuickDASH. Web link to scoring instructions: http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/scoring-dash-outcome-measure
(iii) Re-formatting of your current DASH file to acknowledge copyright ownership of the instrument (please see Inclusion of Copyright Information above).
(iv) Re-formatting of your current DASH file to identified standards, details of which will be provided at the time of licence renewal.
B. If the above documents are already submitted then the licence will be renewed, on request, subject to the same conditions as stated in the original licence issued.
Section D. The Translation Process
For detailed information on the translation process, click on Recommendations for the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Health Status Measures. Please follow the instructions in this document. If you have any questions, contact gpalloo@iwh.on.ca